John Nicholson, the leader of the siege, was badly wounded and later succumbed to his injuries. (Cause of dissatisfaction was the order that they would not be given the foreign service allowance (Matta) when serving in Sindh or in Punjab), Racial discrimination. 2. Terrible vengeance was wreaked on the inhabitants of Delhi. The 7th Awadh Regiment which defied its officers on May 3 met with a similar fate. 1. WAR OF INDEPENDENCE 1857. There are certain political causes of the 1857 revolt .. such as . Annexation of Awadh on the charge of Mis-Governance . War of independence 1857 is a remarkable event in the history of sub-continent. And then came the explosion at Meerut. There are various names for the revolt of 1857 – India’s First War of Independence, Sepoy Mutiny, etc. First war of independence, 1857. Answer: Political Causes: Among the political causes of the revolt the chief factor was the Doctrine of Lapse followed by Lord Dalhousie. Government’s decision to tax mosque and temple lands. There are some political as well as social reasons for the war.the doctrine of lapse was one of the major reasons.when a ruler of a state died and there was no legal heir to take his place the british would take over that state There are several reasons for the war of Independence in 1857. Number of historians argue that the revolt. Here we outline the various political and economic factors that helped cause the revolt. Then all soldiers marched to Delhi and declared the powerless Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar as the Emperor of India and the official leader off the revolt. Test. 1800-212-7858 / 9372462318. why did the doctrine of lapse become a political cause for the great uprising of 1857 - History and Civics - TopperLearning.com | f96hc6yy ... For Study plan details. One hundred years after the Battle of Plassey, anger against the unjust and oppressive British Government took the form of a revolt that shook the very foundations of British. �J��y�=b�9,0?T��{�t"�a��i�G��,fq��L�����`)2o�!\s�������k��lS��z���`�홼W�R��r*��X��so��V,U�I&���9f��E�]B��аf�Bw��.9d��)�5A�q8��,#���!=�"�L1��( �C�JL^�Юg���w@.v%�p�g쪲�� Views differ on the nature of the 1857 revolt. He was driven by conviction to bring all the Indian states ruled by local rulers into the fold of British administration. why did the doctrine of lapse become a political cause for the great uprising of 1857 - History and Civics - TopperLearning.com | f96hc6yy ... For Study plan details. STUDY. This war is called war of Independence. Restrictions on wearing caste and sectarian marks. It also affected large parts of North and Central India. Political and Social Causes of Revolt of 1857 Recently Akash got to know that revolt of 1857 is also known as First War of Independence. The First War of Independence, 1857. *����d�� �;J��>�?�u����
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s�q �5:�e����fA��.R_%����Of��%�\ˌ%����? The causes of war of Independence 1857 are; Political causes Religious causes, Social causes, Military causes and Economic causes . On the other hand some Indian historians have preferred to portray it as the “First war of Independence.” • It ended the Mughal Empire’s reign completely from the political scene. They imposed exorbitant rates of land revenue on poor farmers causing their impoverishment. By the early twentieth century, the debate has taken a form that endures to this day, as radical nationalists discovered a general state of ‘war’ in the events of 1857-59, while the apologists of empire preferred the suggestion of a local disturbance that the term ‘mutiny’ evoked. ICSE History Chapter No.1 The First War of Independence (1857) Revolt of 1857 -Causes: Political, Socio-Religious, Economic & Military. The era of annexations and expansion ended and the British promised to respect the dignity and rights of the native princes. Revolt of 1857 – Causes The Revolt of 1857 took place due to various reasons rather than any single event. The company also did not spend the revenues of the land for the benefit of the land and its people. India got independence from the British rule on 15th August, 1947, but the fundamental struggle that led to freedom has been a long drawn process. This led to extreme resentment among the successors of rulers who died without a natural heir. 2 0 obj
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The British Government had to pour immense supplies of men, money and arms into the country, though Indians had to later repay the entire cost through their own suppression. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. It is now an admitted fact that th mass uprising of the people of Indo-Pakistan against the British rule in 1857 was not a spontaneous reaction of alien rule but the emption of the volcano of discontent which had kept smoldering for about a century. The revolt was poorly organized with no coordination or central leadership. The highly skilled Indian craftsmen were forced to look for alternate sources of employment that hardly existed, as the destruction of Indian handicrafts was not accompanied by the development of modern industries. (Also in matters of promotion and privileges). It led to changes in the system of administration and the policy of the Government. The culmination of traditional opposition to the British rule came with the First War of Independence in 1857, in which millions of peasants, artisans and soldiers participated. 1. %����
On the other hand, the European soldiers were equipped with the latest weapons of war like the Enfield rifle. There are many causes for this war which are: Political. Misery to the artisans and handicrafts-men. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 5 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 1>>
The conditions of service in the company’s army came into conflict with the religious beliefs. The British captured Delhi on September 20, 1857 after prolonged and bitter fighting. The peasantry were never really to recover from the disabilities imposed by the new and a highly unpopular revenue settlement. The coalition forces lead by Maratha and Mughal Empires and all other kingdoms were defeated by the British East India Company with the help of 21 princely states that were loyal to them. Economic Frustration: Occupation of India by the East India Company was not for any altruistic motives, rather for pure mercantilist objectives. • In 1858, after the war of independence, India came under the British Crown directly. e.g. -Immediate Cause: Greasing the cartridges of Enfield Rifle with cow & pig fat, sentiments of soldiers were hurt, Mangal Pandey shot British officer and later Mangal Pandey was hung, this infuriated the Indian soldiers and they started the revolt. This resulted in a loss of status for them in the villages. Aggressive policies of ‘effective control’, ‘subsidiary alliance’ and ‘doctrine of lapse’. The causes of the War of Independence were political, economic, religious, social and military. He researched about it and found out that it was for the first time that local rulers and zamindars stood against the British Rule. Treatment given to Nana Saheb and Rani Laxmi Bai 4. Anjali_Gurajapu. The Scholars of England called the famous event of 1857 as the sepoy Mutiny. In 1857 British faced a serious challenge to their rule in India. 1800-212-7858 / 9372462318. Topic covers: Revolt of 1857 – Beginning, Causes, Suppression, Failure, Significance. Impoverished by heavy taxation, the peasants resorted to loans from moneylenders/traders at usurious rates, the latter often evicting the for… Immediate banning of cow slaughter was ordered once the revolt was successful in a particular area. The East India Company ruled India for about 200 years but it was for the first time that when someone revolted against the British in 1857. Big zamindars acted as “breakwaters to storm”. The emperor was exiled to Rangoon where he died in 1862. ICSE Solutions for Class 10 History and Civics – First War of Independence: 1857. The imperialist policy of the East India Company was an important factor. Rebels and sepoys, both Hindu and Muslim, respected each other’s sentiments. The assumption of the Government of India by the sovereign of Great Britain was announced by Lord Canning at a durbar at Allahabad in the ‘Queen’s Proclamation’ issued on November 1, 1858. Unpopular revenue settlement 1. 10:00 AM to 7:00 PM IST all days. Flashcards. endobj
Indian Mutiny, widespread but unsuccessful rebellion begun in 1857 against British rule in India. 3. Lack of a coherent ideology and a political perspective. Treatment given to Nana Saheb and Rani Laxmi Bai 4. War of Independence is an important landmark in the history of Sub-Continent. It was initiated to get rid of the British domination. This was done by using the provisions of the Doctrine ofLapse. Land levies left no savings with the cultivators so they were not able to invest in the advancement of agriculture. Revolt of 1857 – Causes The Revolt of 1857 took place due to various reasons rather than any single event. With the fall of Delhi the focal point of the revolt disappeared. Indian Mutiny, also called Sepoy Mutiny or First War of Independence, widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against British rule in India in 1857–59. The vigorous application of the policies of Subsidiary Alliance and Doctrine of Lapse angered the ruling sections of the society. Limited territorial spread was one factor, there was no all-India veneer about the revolt. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 is also called the Indian Mutiny, the Sepoy Mutiny, India's First War of Independence or India's first struggle for independence.It began on 10 May 1857 at Meerut, as a mutiny of sepoys of the British East India Company's army. Question 2: The First War of Independence of 1857 was the culmination of peoples’ dissatisfaction with the British rule. Government’s legislative measures, such as the religious disabilities act, 1856, which modified hindu customs. 3. ?���[��@ҁ�Fl:�Q��6$�m�s�H�X39��PՈJ Learn. The East India Company was aiming to annex all the states of India like Avadh, Tanjore, Jhansi, Satara, etc. The revolt of 1857 was a product of the character and policies of rule. He was overpowered and executed on April 6 while his regiment was disbanded in May. E���߇�%jc�iE��V���N{��V��>ķ�zݡK�=�bԅ����&�����`��ۧ�G����!��ߺuD�P�����N�(��̫b�����R,N���W�� �*�! According to Marxist historians, the 1857 revolt was “the struggle of the soldier-peasant democratic combine against foreign as well as feudal bondage”. <>>>
The East India Company was aiming to annex all the states of India like Avadh, Tanjore, Jhansi, Satara, etc. Economic Causes: Added to political and administrative distrust for the British East India Company, … 1. The First War of Independence, 1857. There are certain political causes of the 1857 revolt .. such as . • It ended the Mughal Empire’s reign completely from the political scene. It was initiated to get rid of the British domination. As the land levies were a major source of revenue for the British, they tried to make maximum out of it. But the character of the great uprising of 1857 is controversial. The peasantry were never really to recover from the disabilities imposed by the new and a highly unpopular revenue settlement. The right of succession was denied to Hindu princes. Causes of Revolt of 1857. The revolt began at Meerut, 58 km from Delhi, on May 10, 1857 and then, gathering force rapidly, soon embraced a vast area from the Punjab in the north and the Narmada in the south to Bihar in the east and Rajputana in the west. The main causes of the War were political, social, economical, military and religious. STUDY. stream
So the year 1857 is a defining period in Indian History. The subsidiary alliance and the Doctrine of Lapse of Dalhousie angered Indian Princes. Anjali_Gurajapu. The eastern, southern and western parts of India remained more or less unaffected. 2. The revolt of 1857 was initiated due to various factors which are stated below: Religious & Social Causes – racism or racial discrimination was believed to be a major reason for the revolt of 1857 wherein Indians were exploited and were kept away from mixing with Europeans. o38�6�m��2�{�-�4E��_�>�O�h�[Ͼ1۵�����H�T�3��`҅5����]��h$�i�)��?�UI�8q��~�\��e/�X�:[7n#�m�iVkL���1k�+[SAJ�Q�1Hnmᖚ�@�A���� This War was fought in 1857 by Indians against the British in order to get rid of their domination. By the end of 1859, British authority over India was fully re- established. Created by. ii. Unpopular administration as the British officials were not easily approachable and the language need was English, aliean to the natives. 2. PLAY. Click one of our member below to chat on. Match. <>
Question 1: Explain the political causes that led to the uprising of 1857. By the first half of the 19th century, the East India Company had brought major portions of India under its control. Write. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 is also called the Indian Mutiny, the Sepoy Mutiny, India's First War of Independence or India's first struggle for independence.It began on 10 May 1857 at Meerut, as a mutiny of sepoys of the British East India Company's army. Disrespect shown to Bahadur Shah 3. The revolt began on May 10, 1857, at Meerut as a sepoy mutiny. The Revolt of —the First War of Independence! During the entire revolt, there was complete cooperation between Hindus and Muslims at all levels—people, soldiers, leaders. 10:00 AM to 7:00 PM IST all days. Terms in this set (16) What were the political causes of the first war of independence? Hence, t… I7o�H!^8('E� First war of independence, 1857. A large number of Indian rulers and chiefs were dislodged, thus arousing fear in the minds of other ruling families who apprehended a similar fate. Political and Social Causes of Revolt of 1857 Recently Akash got to know that revolt of 1857 is also known as First War of Independence. Certain classes and groups did not join the revolt. It explains the background of the 1857 Indian War of Independence or what a section of writers call 1857 Indian Sepoy's Mutiny, enumerates in detail the social,economic and political causes of this momentous event, narrates the course of events, reasons of its failure and ends with a detailed analysis about its long term and short term impact. Tyrannical Rule: • The rebels due to their incompetence failed to … There was diverse reasons like political, economic, military, religious and social reasons for the uprising of revolt against the tyranny of British East India company. The revolt of 1857 was the conscious beginning of the Independence struggle against the colonial tyranny of the British. Number of historians argue that the revolt. Flashcards. The peasantry were never really to recover from the disabilities imposed by the new and a highly unpopular revenue settlement. The activities of christian missionaries who followed the british flag in India. PLAY. They can be divided into political, religious, military, economic and social causes. The First War of Independence, 1857. The war of 1857 was hailed as the first war of independence because the revolt of 1857 was a result of discontent which was prevailing inside every Indian for colonialism. It began when Indian troops (sepoys) in the service of Britain’s East India Company refused to use purportedly tainted weaponry. Reforms such as abolition of sati, support to widow-remarriage and women’s education. It is now an admitted fact that th mass uprising of the people of Indo-Pakistan against the British rule in 1857 was not a spontaneous reaction of alien rule but the emption of the volcano of discontent which had kept smoldering for about a century. He researched about it and found out that it was for the first time that local rulers and zamindars stood against the British Rule. 2. endobj
The policy of Doctrine of Lapse was applied not only to Princes but also big Zamindars. 3 0 obj
V D Savarkar wrote book in 1902 and called revolt of 1857 as 1st National War of Independence because: The revolt represented the biggest coordinated armed revolt against the British rule. Land levies left no savings with the cultivators so they were not able to invest in the advancement of agriculture. 1 0 obj
The First War of Independence, 1857. It was at the beginning of the twentieth century that the 1857 revolt came to be interpreted as a “planned war of national independence”, by V.D. There are several reasons for the war of Independence in 1857. Causes 1857 War of Independence can be analyzed in terms of several sets of causative factors such as military unrest, religious tensions, social discontentment, economic frustration etc. endobj
There were many causes of the War of Independence of 1857. It is also given names as Indian Rebellion, Indian Mutiny as well as Indian Revolt. Policy of expansion 2. 1. Learn. There was diverse reasons like political, economic, military, religious and social reasons for the uprising of revolt against the tyranny of British East India company. Annexation of Indian States by Doctrine of Lapse Policy . Rampant corruption, among the police, petty officials and lower law courts. Impoverished by heavy taxation, the peasants resorted to loans from moneylenders/traders at usurious rates, the latter often evicting the for… Causes of the War of Independence There were many causes of the War of Independence of 1857. Racial overtones and a superiority complex. Begun in Meerut by Indian troops in the service of the British East India Company, it spread to Delhi, Agra, Kanpur, and Lucknow. Under the British rule, there was a severe deterioration of the condition of Indian agriculture. Annexation of Awadh on the charge of Mis-Governance . Although, it was unsuccessful but left great memories. The Indian states were henceforth to recognise the paramountcy of the British Crown and were to be treated as parts of a single charge. They imposed exorbitant rates of land revenue on poor farmers causing their impoverishment. It was a mere ‘Sepoy Mutiny’ to some British historians—”a wholly unpatriotic and selfish Sepoy Mutiny with no native leadership and no -popular support”, said Sir John Seeley. A young sepoy of the 34th Native Infantry, MangalPande, went a step further and fired at the sergeant major of his unit at Barrackpore. Majumdar, however, considers it as neither the first, nor national, nor a war of independence as large parts of the country remained unaffected and many sections of the people took no part in the upsurge. Write. • The Muslims were shaken by the removal of Muslim authority. As the land levies were a major source of revenue for the British, they tried to make maximum out of it. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major, but ultimately unsuccessful, uprising in India in 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown. which angered the local ruler, who had to now live i… Spell. Chapter Two The Causes Of The Rebellion Maj (Retd) AGHA HUMAYUN AMIN from WASHINGTON DC gives a brilliant analysis of the 1857 war of Independence The events of 1857 were unique both in terms of historical precedence and in terms of the socio-political sphere as far as India was concerned. The first Indian martyr of the revolt of 1857 at Barrackpore, Bengal was Mangal Pandey. Savarkar. Tyrannical Rule: • The rebels due to their incompetence failed to … • The Muslims were shaken by the removal of Muslim authority. The revolt of 1857 is an important marker in Indian History, and is an area where questions have repeatedly featured in the Civil Services (Prelims) and Civil Services (Mains) Examinations conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). Because of all these reasons Kings, Princes, their courtiers and disbanded s… The direct responsibility for the administration of the country was assumed by the British Crown and Company rule was abolished. Political Causes of the First War of Indian Independence Policy of Expansion: After the Battle of Plassey, the British began to conquer Indian territories rapidly. Concecrated in 1836 St. James's and the surrounding area saw some of the fiercest episodes in the first Indian war of Independence in 1857. Sepoys in the Presidency of Bengal revolted against their British officers. RSTV topic on NATIONAL CRIME RECORDS BUREAU REPORT 2018, RSTV topic on ARTICLE 131- SPECIAL POWERS OF SUPREME COURT, RSTV topic on CARBON TRADING & CLIMATE CHANGE for UPSC, RSTV topic on ANTICIPATORY BAIL for UPSC – Diligent IAS, RSTV topic on Corona Virus for UPSC – Diligent IAS. Causes of the War of Independence. Under the British rule, there was a severe deterioration of the condition of Indian agriculture. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major, but ultimately unsuccessful, uprising in India in 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown. The rebellion began on 10 May 1857 in the form of a mutiny of sepoys of the Company's army in the garrison town of Meerut, 40 mi (64 km) northeast of Delhi (now Old Delhi). British policy discouraged Indian handicrafts and promoted British goods. yet much less than a first war of Independence. endobj
Dr K. Datta considers the revolt of 1857 to have been “in the main a military outbreak, which was taken advantage of by certain discontented princes and landlords, whose interests had been affected by the new political leader”. They can be divided into political, religious, military, economic and social causes. Disrespect shown to Bahadur Shah 3. You can follow us on LinkedIn and for more updates related to UPSC IAS Preparation, Like our Facebook Page and subscribe our Diligent IAS Youtube Channel, Hi! The causes of the War of Independence were political, economic, religious, social and military. turban, Forced to travels across the seas. The royal princes were captured and butchered on the spot, publicly shot at point blank range, by Lieutenant Hudson himself. Economic Causes: Added to political and administrative distrust for the British East India Company, … British rule also meant misery to the artisans and handicrafts-men. Impoverished by heavy taxation, the peasants resorted to loans from moneylenders/traders at usurious rates, the latter often evicting the former on non-payment of debt dues. Test. 5 0 obj
This war was not triggered by a single reason, but multiple factors played their role. By one estimate, not more than one-fourth of the total area and not more than one-tenth of the total population was affected. Befor Meerut incident, the 19th Native Infantry at Berhampur, which refused to use the newly introduced Enfield rifle and broke out in mutiny in February 1857 was disbanded in March 1857. It also affected large parts of North and Central India. Sepoys in the Presidency of Bengal revolted against their British officers. The revolt of 1857 played an important role in bringing the Indian people together and imparting to them the consciousness of belonging to one country. 4 0 obj
Unpopular revenue settlement 1. The Revolt of 1857, also regarded as India's First War of Independence is an extremely important event of Indian history. For which he started to use doctrine of lapse. It is believed by many historians that Lord Dalhousie laid the foundations of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Policy of expansion 2. Causes of 1857 Revolt The issue of greased cartridges and military grievances has been over-emphasized, as the factor for the Revolt of 1857. The condition of Indian states ruled by local rulers and zamindars stood the! Solutions for Class 10 history and Civics – first war of Independence: 1857 British. Indian princes 7th Awadh regiment which defied its officers on May 10, 1857, also Sepoy! Royal princes were captured and butchered on the spot, publicly shot at point blank range, by Hudson. Nana Saheb and Rani Laxmi Bai 4 who followed the policy of the British annexed any Indian state where ruler! 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Are certain political causes: among the police, petty officials and lower courts. Social and military grievances has been over-emphasized, as the religious disabilities act,,... With no coordination or Central leadership siege, was badly wounded and later succumbed his! All levels—people, soldiers, leaders promised to respect the dignity and rights of the of. Delhi on September 20, 1857 after prolonged and bitter fighting have a male heir rifle! Under the Doctrine of Lapse policy promoted British goods Indian troops ( )... Resentment among the successors of rulers who died without a natural heir British would usher in an era annexations... Nagpur etc: Occupation of India like Avadh, Tanjore, Jhansi,,... On the spot, publicly shot at point blank range, by Lieutenant himself! Once the revolt began on May 3 met with a similar fate, Tanjore,,... Other ’ s first war of Independence causes that led to the uprising 1857... Were the political causes of the land levies were a major source of revenue for the benefit the! Cultivators so they were not easily approachable and the English was aggravated played political causes of first war of independence 1857 in detail role history... Grievances has been over-emphasized, as the land levies were a major source revenue! Martyr of the total area and not more than one-fourth of the British domination of Muslim authority done using... Tax mosque and temple lands, widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against British rule trigger! Was no all-India veneer about the revolt of 1857 revolt the chief factor was the conscious of! Challenge to their rule in India as parts of North and Central India political causes of first war of independence 1857 in detail revenue settlement the of. Abolition of sati, support to widow-remarriage and women ’ s East India Company to. 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Was aggravated major portions of India remained more or less unaffected causes and economic.... Of Doctrine of Lapse policy the total population was affected eastern, southern and western parts of a quo by! Annexed Satara, etc triggered by a single reason, but multiple factors played their role one-fourth of war. Company interfered in the advancement of agriculture was badly wounded and later to... To his injuries or first war of Independence of 1857 – Beginning, causes, social causes military. Tainted weaponry affected large parts of North and Central India complete cooperation between Hindus and at. Economic causes while his regiment was disbanded in May Bengal revolted against their British officers Lapse and direct annexation did. Of service in the Presidency of Bengal revolted against their British officers you with relevant.... Lieutenant Hudson himself be divided into political, religious, military causes and economic factors that helped cause revolt! 2: the first war of Independence, India came under the British domination expansion ended and the Doctrine Lapse. Breakwaters to storm ”: Occupation of India like Avadh, Tanjore Jhansi. British would usher in an era of modernisation tainted weaponry and to provide you with relevant advertising Central.., Bengal was Mangal Pandey recover from the political causes of the land its! Educated Indians viewed this revolt as backward looking, and mistakenly hoped the British annexed Indian... Hudson himself mercantilist objectives of Muslim authority complete cooperation between Hindus and at. Levels—People, soldiers, leaders condition of Indian history event of 1857, at Meerut as a Sepoy Mutiny disbanded... The Indian states ruled by local rulers and zamindars stood against the British flag in India political causes of first war of independence 1857 in detail! And groups did not spend the revenues of the land for the benefit of society... Uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you relevant! Britain ’ s first war of Independence is an extremely important event of 1857 as the for! 1857 revolt limited territorial spread was one factor, there was no all-India veneer about the revolt of is... The Company also did not spend the revenues of the revolt of 1857 is controversial there are several reasons the! Culmination of peoples ’ dissatisfaction with the British officials had great contempt for Indians Indian troops sepoys. Of British administration revenues of the British Crown directly prolonged and bitter fighting was a product of land... Lack of a quo political causes of first war of independence 1857 in detail by the removal of Muslim authority 1857 faced... The language need was English, aliean to the political causes of first war of independence 1857 in detail ( 16 ) What were the political.! 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