military campaigns since 1990

October 3–4, 1993, Task Force Ranger, made up largely of the 75th Ranger Regiment and Delta Force entered hostile urban area Mogadishu to seize two high ranking Somali National Army leaders. . The war on terror, also known as the Global War on Terrorism and U.S. War on Terror, is an international military campaign launched by the United States government after the September 11 attacks. [Vandalia 2], 1858–1859: Ottoman Empire: Secretary of State Lewis Cass requested a display of naval force along the Levant after a massacre of Americans at Jaffa and mistreatment elsewhere "to remind the authorities (of the Ottoman Empire) of the power of the United States. [RL30172] Meanwhile, the United States was fighting a covert military operation using CIA paramilitary forces, known as The Secret War. These operations were in response to the Bolshevik revolution in Russia and were partly supported by Czarist or Kerensky elements. 1857: Nicaragua: April to May, November to December. U.S. military forces against Indian tribes or nations. [RL30172], 1835–1836: Peru: December 10, 1835 to January 24, 1836 and August 31 to December 7, 1836, Marines protected American interests in Callao and Lima during an attempted revolution.[RL30172]. [RL30172], 1878: Lincoln County, New Mexico: On July 15–19, during the Battle of Lincoln (1878) (part of the Lincoln County War) 150 cavalry-men arrived from Fort Stanton, under the command of Lieutenant George Smith (later Colonel Nathan Dudley) to assist the Murphy-Dolan Faction in attacking the Lincoln County Regulators vigilante group. 9 The M-16 is just as ubiquitous, and has been described by one military historian as the "transistor radio of modern warfare." Code of Federal Regulations, 3.2 (a). 1987–1988: Persian Gulf: Operation Prime Chance was a United States Special Operations Command operation intended to protect U.S.-flagged oil tankers from Iranian attack during the Iran–Iraq War. [RL30172], 1876: Mexico: On May 18, an American force was landed to police the town of Matamoros, Mexico, temporarily while it was without other government. [RL30172], 1813–1814: Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia): U.S. Army forces built a fort on the island of Nuku Hiva to protect three prize ships which had been captured from the British. 1. [RL30172], 1920–1922: Russia (Siberia): From February 16, 1920, to November 19, 1922, a Marine guard was sent to protect the United States radio station and property on Russian Island, Bay of Vladivostok. [RL30172], 1912: Honduras: A small force landed to prevent seizure by the government of an American-owned railroad at Puerto Cortes. (See: Separation of Panama from Colombia) US forces protected American property on the Isthmus and kept transit lines open during serious revolutionary disturbances. The incident began when German spies plotted an attack with the Mexican Army on Nogales, Arizona. #MissingVoices . If the veteran served with the U.S. military forces engaged in hostilities in the Moro Province, the ending date is July 15, 1903. Undeclared Mexican–American hostilities followed the Tampico Affair and Villa's raids . President Reagan reported that U.S. ships had been fired upon or struck mines or taken other military action on September 21 (Iran Ajr), October 8, and October 19, 1987 and April 18 (Operation Praying Mantis), July 3, and July 14, 1988. The events of the battle were gathered in the book Black Hawk Down, which was later adapted to a movie of the same name. [RL30172], 1816–1818: Spanish Florida – First Seminole War: The Seminole Indians, whose area was a haven for escaped slaves and border ruffians, were attacked by troops under General Jackson and General Edmund P. Gaines and pursued into northern Florida. [RL30172], 1940: Newfoundland, Bermuda, St. Lucia, – Bahamas, Jamaica, Antigua, Trinidad, and British Guiana: Troops were sent to guard air and naval bases obtained under lease by negotiation with the United Kingdom. [RL30172], 1866: China: From June 20 to July 7, US forces punished an assault on the American consul at Newchwang.[RL30172]. That is … Two American UH-60 Black Hawks are shot down, 18 Americans are killed in action, with another 73 wounded, and 1 captured. U.S. forces protected American interests during hostilities between local groups over control of the government of the State of Panama. Government's efforts to relocate the Seminoles to west of the Mississippi are hindered by 7 years of war. [RL30172], 1860: Colombia, Bay of Panama: From September 27 to October 8, naval forces landed to protect American interests during a revolution.[RL30172]. The revolution was crushed when U.S. Marines landed to uphold the military regime by force. [6], 1945–1949: Post-World War II occupation of South Korea; North Korean insurgency in Republic of Korea[7]. [RL30172], 1812: Amelia Island and other parts of east Florida, then under Spain: Temporary possession was authorized by President James Madison and by Congress, to prevent occupation by any other power; but possession was obtained by General George Mathews in so irregular a manner that his measures were disavowed by the President.[RL30172]. Reyes. 1 1950-present 2 Older conflicts 3 See also 4 References 5 External links Dates indicate the years in which the United States of America was involved in the war. Green Beam (1990) — Belgian military evacuation of civilians in Rwanda. A large fleet under Captain Stephen Decatur attacked Algiers and obtained indemnities. (See also Operation Northern Watch, Operation Southern Watch) [RL30172], 1993–1995: Bosnia: Operation Deny Flight, On April 12, 1993, in response to a United Nations Security Council passage of Resolution 816, U.S. and NATO enforced the no-fly zone over the Bosnian airspace, prohibited all unauthorized flights and allowed to "take all necessary measures to ensure compliance with [the no-fly zone restrictions].". 2 Imperial Postal Systems. Read our Coronavirus page. 1988: USS Vincennes shoot-down of Iran Air Flight 655. 1868: Japan (Osaka, Hiolo, Nagasaki, Yokohama, and Negata): February 4 to 8, April 4 to May 12, June 12 and 13. 1846–1848: Mexican–American War: On May 13, 1846, the United States recognized the existence of a state of war with Mexico. [RL30172] A popular rebellion broke out, promising to reinstall Juan Bosch as the country's elected leader. Three thousand pirate attacks on merchantmen were reported between 1815 and 1823. Likewise, when Kuomintang forces captured Kiukiang, naval forces were landed for the protection of foreigners November 4 to 6. [RL30172], 1864: Japan: From July 14 to August 3, naval forces protected the United States Minister to Japan when he visited Yedo to negotiate concerning some American claims against Japan, and to make his negotiations easier by impressing the Japanese with American power. 1835–1842: Florida Territory: United States Navy supports the Army's efforts at quelling uprisings and attacks on civilians by Seminole Indians. Another contributing factor was the continuation of American trade with Britain, with whom their former French allies were at war. [RL30172][Slave Traffic], 1822: Spanish Cuba: United States naval forces suppressing piracy landed on the northwest coast of Cuba and burned a pirate station. 1838: The Caroline affair on Navy Island, Upper Canada: After the failure of the Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837 favoring Canadian democracy and independence from the British Empire; William Lyon Mackenzie and his rebels fled to Navy Island where they declared the Republic of Canada. By July, U.S. warships were convoying and by September were attacking German submarines. American and British destroyers later used shell fire to protect Americans and other foreigners. A small force, serving as a legation guard and seeking to promote peace and stability, remained until August 5, 1925. A small guard was maintained at the consulate general even after September 16, when the rest of the forces were withdrawn. U.S. This timeline of United States government military operations, based in part on reports by the Congressional Research Service, shows the years and places in which U.S. military units participated in armed conflicts or occupation of foreign territories. The confrontation between the Mormon militia and the U.S. Army involved some destruction of property, but no actual battles between the contending military forces. [RL30172], 1992–2003: Iraq: Iraqi no-fly zones, The U.S., United Kingdom, and its Gulf War allies declared and enforced "no-fly zones" over the majority of sovereign Iraqi airspace, prohibiting Iraqi flights in zones in southern Iraq and northern Iraq, conducting aerial reconnaissance, and several specific attacks on Iraqi air-defense systems as part of the UN mandate. He discovered peace, withdrew, and saluted. [RL30172], 1986: Libya: Action in the Gulf of Sidra (1986), on March 26, 1986, President Reagan reported on March 24 and 25, U.S. forces, while engaged in freedom of navigation exercises around the Gulf of Sidra, had been attacked by Libyan missiles and the United States had responded with missiles. Britain had conceded sovereignty but Russia and Spain asserted claims to the area. [RL30172], 1975: South Vietnam: On April 30, 1975, President Ford reported that a force of 70 evacuation helicopters and 865 Marines had evacuated about 1,400 U.S. citizens and 5,500 third country nationals and South Vietnamese from landing zones in and around the U.S. Embassy, Saigon and Tan Son Nhut Airport. (See Operation Commando Hunt), 1970: Cambodian Campaign: U.S. troops were ordered into Cambodia to clean out Communist sanctuaries from which Viet Cong and North Vietnam attacked U.S. and South Vietnamese forces in Vietnam. 1967: Congo (Zaïre): The United States sent three military transport aircraft with crews to provide the Congo central government with logistical support during a revolt. [RL30172], 1975: Evacuation from Cambodia: Operation Eagle Pull, On April 12, 1975, President Ford reported that he had ordered U.S. military forces to proceed with the planned evacuation of the U.S. citizens from Cambodia. [4], 1900: China: From May 24 to September 28, Boxer Rebellion. [RL30172], 1982–1983: Lebanon: On September 29, 1982, President Reagan reported the deployment of 1200 marines to serve in a temporary multinational force to facilitate the restoration of Lebanese government sovereignty. On September 29, 1983, Congress passed the Multinational Force in Lebanon Resolution (P.L. New Zealand Cross: CO 212 or WO 32: Order of the Bath, Military Division: London Gazette (ZJ 1) AIR 2 (1), ADM 171, WO 104 or WO 32. . 1945–1990. (and) assist any member or protocol state of the Southeast Asian Collective Defense Treaty (SEATO) requesting assistance. [RL30172], 1874: Honolulu Courthouse Riot: From February 12 to 20, detachments from American vessels were landed to protect the interests of Americans living in the Hawaiian Kingdom during the coronation of King Kalākaua. Attacks on two Iranian oil platforms in the Persian Gulf by United States Navy forces on October 19. February 1, 1990 to June 13, 1990 Persian Gulf February 1, 1987 to July 23, 1987 Thailand April 7-18, 1994 Iranian/Yemen/Indian Ocean May 16-August 10,1962 Other Campaign and Service Medals Qualifying for Preference Campaign or Expedition Inclusive dates Army Occupation of Austria May 9, 1945 to July 27, 1955 [RL30172], 1934: China: Marines landed at Foochow to protect the American Consulate. See also List of military engagements of World War I, See List of World War II military operations. American sympathizers sent supplies on SS Caroline, which was intercepted by the British and set ablaze, after killing one American. The Military Cross (MC) was created on 28 th December 1914 for commissioned offers of the substantive rank of Captain or below and for Warrant officers. Since then, United States armed forces have been in combat several times, including the following: Communist North Korea, supported by China, invades non-communist South Korea. [RL30172], 1955–1975: Vietnam War: U.S. military advisers had been in South Vietnam for a decade, and their numbers had been increased as the military position of the Saigon government became weaker. . 1981: El Salvador: After a guerrilla offensive against the government of El Salvador, additional U.S. military advisers were sent to El Salvador, bringing the total to approximately 55, to assist in training government forces in counterinsurgency. Among the issues leading to the war were British impressment of American sailors into the Royal Navy, interception of neutral ships and blockades of the United States during British hostilities with France, and support for Indian attacks on American settlers in the Northwest Territory. A small Spanish garrison gave way. Conboy, Kenneth and James Morrison (1995). [RL30172], 1873: Colombia (Bay of Panama): May 7 to 22, September 23 to October 9. 1980: Iran: Operation Eagle Claw, on April 26, 1980, President Carter reported the use of six U.S. transport planes and eight helicopters in an unsuccessful attempt to rescue the American hostages in Iran. [RL30172], 1853–1854: Ryūkyū and Bonin Islands (Japan): Commodore Matthew Perry on three visits before going to Japan and while waiting for a reply from Japan made a naval demonstration, landing marines twice, and secured a coaling concession from the ruler of Naha on Okinawa; he also demonstrated in the Bonin Islands with the purpose of securing facilities for commerce. [RL30172], 1982: Sinai: On March 19, 1982, President Reagan reported the deployment of military personnel and equipment to participate in the Multinational Force and Observers in the Sinai Peninsula. Online abuse and harassment against women journalists . From Estate. [RL30172], 1998: Liberia: On September 27, 1998, America deployed a stand-by response and evacuation force of 30 U.S. military personnel to increase the security force at the U.S. Embassy in Monrovia. Paladin Press. SEOUL--Before fleeing authoritarian North Korea in 2009, Kang Mi-Jin was regularly mobilized by the state for military-like productivity campaigns that were a source of both pride and pain. For centuries, women have joined men on military campaigns. A joint proclamation of emergency government and neutrality was issued by the American, Japanese, British, French, and Czech commanders in July. #KeepItReal . He defended his action against a Senate resolution of inquiry.[RL30172]. Since their introduction in 1947, around 55 million AK-47s have been sold; in one African country, for example, they cost no more than US$6 each. [RL30172], 1855: Uruguay: On November 25–29, United States and European naval forces landed to protect American interests during an attempted revolution in Montevideo. This is a list of wars that began between 1990 and 2002. [RL30172], 1948–1949: China: Marines were dispatched to Nanking to protect the American Embassy when the city fell to Communist troops, and to Shanghai to aid in the protection and evacuation of Americans. A campaign is … [RL30172] [1859 Mexico], 1859: China: From July 31 to August 2, a naval force landed to protect American interests in Shanghai. [RL30172], 1902: Colombia (State of Panama): From September 17 to November 18, the United States placed armed guards on all trains crossing the Isthmus to keep the railroad line open, and stationed ships on both sides of Panama to prevent the landing of Colombian troops. American naval forces maintained order during a period of chronic and threatened insurrection. Ippocampo (1994) — Italian codename for evacuation of Italian civilians from Rwanda. 1964: Congo (Zaïre): The United States sent four transport planes to provide airlift for Congolese troops during a rebellion and to transport Belgian paratroopers to rescue foreigners.[RL30172]. In August 7,000 men were landed in Vladivostok and remained until January 1920, as part of an allied occupation force. [RL30172], 1917–1918: World War I: On April 6, 1917, the United States declared war with the German Empire and on December 7, 1917, with Austria-Hungary. The United States periodically held freedom of navigation exercises in the Gulf of Sidra, claimed by Libya as territorial waters but considered international waters by the United States. Read Their Stories. [RL30172], 1989: Panama: On May 11, 1989, in response to General Noriega's disregard of the results of the Panamanian election, President Bush ordered a brigade-sized force of approximately 1,900 troops to augment the estimated 1,000 U.S. forces already in the area. Imperialism", German declaration of war against the United States, "History of U.S. Marine Corps Operations in World War II, Volume V: Victory and Occupation", "Persian Gulf War - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com", "US reasserts its interests in Africa, sending troops to Nigeria", "Text of a Letter from the President to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President Pro Tempore of the Senate", "Lebanon Non-combatant Evacuation Operation (NEO) 2006", "Defense.gov News Article: Aircraft Attack Al Qaeda Haven, Ike Moves off Somalia", "Pilotless Drone strikes begin in Somalia", "Secret 'Kill List' Proves a Test of Obama's Principles and Will", "Sources: Drone strikes in Yemen kill 6, including senior AQAP leaders", "Obama sends 100 troops to combat LRA in Uganda", "Syria crisis: US sends troops to Jordan - Wednesday 10 October 2012", "Pentagon to send missiles, 400 troops to Turkey", "US admits role in French mission in Somalia", "U.S. military forces strike in Libya, Somalia; capture wanted al Qaeda leader", "U.S. sending special operations forces, CV-22 Ospreys to Uganda", "The US Is Flying Right Into The Iran-Russia-Syria Plan In Iraq", "Obama authorizes targeted airstrikes in Iraq", "U.S. [RL30172], 1997: Sierra Leone: On May 29 and 30, 1997, U.S. military personnel were deployed to Freetown, Sierra Leone, to prepare for and undertake the evacuation of certain U.S. government employees and private U.S. [RL30172], 1962: Cuba: Cuban Missile Crisis, On October 22, President Kennedy instituted a "quarantine" on the shipment of offensive missiles to Cuba from the Soviet Union. [RL30172], 1991: Zaire: On September 25–27, 1991, after widespread looting and rioting broke out in Kinshasa, Air Force C-141s transported 100 Belgian troops and equipment into Kinshasa. Learn about the world's top hotspots with this interactive Global Conflict Tracker from the Center for Preventive Action at the Council on Foreign Relations. [RL30172], 1851: Johanna Island (modern Anjouan, east of Africa): In August, forces from the sloop-of-war USS Dale exacted redress for the unlawful imprisonment of the captain of an American whaling brig. [RL30172], 1898: Spanish–American War: On April 25, 1898, the United States declared war with Spain, ostensibly aligned with Cuban rebels. [RL30172], 1918–1919: Mexico: After withdrawal of the Pershing expedition, U.S. troops entered Mexico in pursuit of bandits at least three times in 1918 and six times in 1919. 1972: North Vietnam: Christmas bombing Operation Linebacker II (not mentioned in RL30172, but an operation leading to peace negotiations). [RL30172], 1894–1895: China: Marines were stationed at Tientsin and penetrated to Peking for protection purposes during the First Sino-Japanese War. [RL30172] It was the largest naval convoy operation since World War II.[8]. [RL30172], 1852–1853: Argentina: February 3 to 12, 1852; September 17, 1852 to April 1853: Marines were landed and maintained in Buenos Aires to protect American interests during a revolution. [RL30172], 1872: Korea: Shinmiyangyo – June 10 to 12, A US naval force attacked and captured five forts to force stalled negotiations on trade agreements and to punish natives for depredations on Americans, particularly for executing the crew of the General Sherman and burning the schooner (which in turn happened because the crew had stolen food and kidnapped a Korean official), and for later firing on other American small boats taking soundings up the Salee River. [RL30172], 1917–1922: Cuba: U.S. forces protected American interests during insurrection and subsequent unsettled conditions. The forces supplemented 10,000 U.S. military personnel already in the Panama Canal Zone. By 1964, US troop levels had grown to 21,000. [RL30172], 1976: Lebanon: On July 22 and 23, 1976, helicopters from five U.S. naval vessels evacuated approximately 250 Americans and Europeans from Lebanon during fighting between Lebanese factions after an overland convoy evacuation had been blocked by hostilities. 1863: Japan: July 16, Naval battle of Shimonoseki: USS Wyoming retaliated against a firing on the American vessel Pembroke at the Straits of Shimonoseki. [1] [RL30172], 1999–2001: East Timor: Limited number of U.S. military forces deployed with the United Nations-mandated International Force for East Timor restore peace to East Timor. [RL30172], 1997: Congo and Gabon: On March 27, 1997, President Clinton reported on March 25, 1997, a standby evacuation force of U.S. military personnel had been deployed to Congo and Gabon to provide enhanced security and to be available for any necessary evacuation operation. Subsequently, additional forces of Marines and naval forces were stationed in the vicinity of Shanghai and Tientsin. 1893: Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom: January 16 to April 1, Marines landed in Hawaii, ostensibly to protect American lives and property, but many believed actually to promote a Provisional Government under Sanford B. Dole. From post-war occcupations, to colonial conflicts, the Cold War against the communists, to today's wars against Islamic Jihadists, the military of the United Kingdom has engaged Britain's foes. On December 11, Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy declared war against the United States. [RL30172], 1927: China: In February, fighting at Shanghai caused presence American naval forces and marines to be increased. Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. Confederate States presidential election of 1861, Drafting and ratification of Constitution, Office of the Director of National Intelligence, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_United_States_military_operations&oldid=995586661, History of the foreign relations of the United States, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2008, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2008, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2009, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2007, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2018, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Congressional Research Service, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 21 December 2020, at 21:31. [RL30172], 1859: Mexico: Two hundred United States soldiers crossed the Rio Grande in pursuit of the Mexican nationalist Juan Cortina. [RL30172], 1941: Germany: Sometime in the spring, the President ordered the Navy to patrol ship lanes to Europe. 1865–1877: Southern United States – Reconstruction following the American Civil War: The South is divided into five Union occupation districts under the Reconstruction Act. Two Air Mobility Command (AMC) C-141s flew 136 people from Freetown, Sierra Leone, to the Rhein-Main Air Base in Germany and nine C-130 sorties carried another 302 people to Dakar, Senegal. [1], 1810: West Florida (Spanish territory): Governor William C. C. Claiborne of Louisiana, on orders of President James Madison, occupied with troops territory in dispute east of the Mississippi River as far as the Pearl River, later the eastern boundary of Louisiana. 1950: Puerto Rico (United States colonial territory): The United States National Guard used P-47 Thunderbolt attack aircraft, land-based artillery, mortar fire, and grenades to counterattack Puerto Rican freedom fighters, Nationalists and independence rebels looking to end US colonial rule during the Jayuya Uprising. [RL30172], 1912: China: August 24–26, on Kentucky Island, and August 26–30 at Camp Nicholson. His act was repudiated by President Andrew Johnson. This operation ended on June 10, 1999, when Milošević agreed to pull his troops out of Kosovo. Congress did authorize a military expedition by statute. With brief intermissions, United States Marines were stationed on the Isthmus from November 4, 1903 to January 21, 1914 to guard American interests. In response to the situation in Kosovo, NATO dispatched the KFOR peacekeepers to secure the peace under UNSC Resolution 1244.[RL30172]. 1948: Jerusalem (British Mandate): A Marine consular guard was sent to Jerusalem to protect the U.S. Consul General. Information about the award of campaign medals is recorded on medal rolls. In 1819 the Floridas were ceded to the United States. Exploring Expedition. To help make decisions concerning entitlement to veterans’ preference, the following list identifies those awards that are campaign and expeditionary medals. [RL30172], 1910: Nicaragua: From May 19 to September 4, Occupation of Nicaragua. The goal of the campaign was to affirm American sovereignty over the region and to create increased opportunities for settlement.

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